(一) 识别：

e.g. I eat an apple.

I will eat an apple.

I will eat up an apple.

1. 找对谓语：找到所有动词(实意动词+系动词);

排除非谓语动词(V-ed; V-ing; to do)

e.g. The boy sits there (无be)holding a book.

Lily loved a boy named(被动) Tom.

*非谓语v.: v-ed与前面N.构成被动关系;v-ing/ to do 前无助动词be.

2. 找全谓语： 动词短语(简化句子结构&积累记忆);

(e.g. will eat) 情态v./助v.+ v.原

(二) 三态：

1. 时态：

a) 时间(现在/过去/将来/过去将来) x v状态(一般/进行/完成/完成进行)

e.g. 过去将来— 5年前我说，5年后我要……

完成进行(不断完成+进行)—过去5年我一直在约会

b) 一般现在时

c) 一般过去时

d) 现在完成时

W: 过去持续到现在(一直)—I’ve been a member of the club since 2016; 过去影响现在(已经)-- I’ve watched this movie and I recommend it to you(暗示了解)

R: 抛砖引玉(中心论点—时效性--now)

2. 语态(主动+被动)：被be+ v-ed (+ by sb.)

e.g. A man was killed by another man.

3. 情态x9：must> will/would/should/ought to> may/might/can/could

学术性议论文—总(开头段)分(分论点)总(总+建议/未来—情态v.+v.表建议)

(三) 强调x3：

1. do/does/did+ V.

exercise： P.22 1

2. 强调句：

e.g. Tom bought a book yesterday.

It is Tom who bought a book yesterday.

It is a book that Tom bought yesterday.

*it is/ was + 强调部分+ that/who +句子

*区分(去掉it’s、that )：

e.g. it is a fact that she tells. 强调(完整)

it is a fact that she tells me a secret. 形式主语(多余)

3. 其他：

(1) above all/ (2) in the world/on earth / (3) hence强调结果—hence + (there be) + n.短语

(四) 倒装：主 谓 宾—谓(全) 主 宾;情态v.(部分) 主 v. 宾

1. 识别：主语识别方法(n.性)

2. 由来： 头重脚轻/ 重要信息提前出来

1. 全部倒装：

1) 主系表—表语前置

2) than引导比较状语从句

e.g. Parents watch more TV than (动作重要—提前：DO) their children watch TV (do).

2. 部分倒装: 助v./情态v. +主语+动词

1) 否定词于句首：

*否定词：no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, by no means, not until

2) “only+状语”于句首：

e.g. (W) Only in this way can we make a better world.

3) as/though引导让步状语从句：

e.g. Though it may appear strange, it’s true.

Strange (adj.) though it may appear, it’s true.

e.g. Though I tried, I failed.

Tried(v.) though I do, I failed.

e.g. Though I worked much, I failed.

Much(adv.) though I worked, I failed.

*as=though, 必倒装;as于句首必倒装