初中生学习的时候应该注意整理重点知识点,总结知识点是很重要的,甚至会提高自己的成绩。同学们在日常学习中一定要养成一个及时整理知识点的习惯,这样可以知道自己对知识点的掌握情况,学习起来也是很有针对性的。
一.neither与nor的用法
1.如前句是否定式从句,则主句用neither,而不用nor.
If you don't do it,neither should I.如果你不干,我也不干。
2.如后连续有几个否定句式,则用nor,不用neither.
He can't sing,nor dance,nor skate.
二.one/another/the other的用法
one...the other只有两个
some...the others有三个以上
one...another,another...
some...others,others...
others = other people/things
the others = the rest剩余的全部
1.泛指另一个用another.
2.一定范围内两人(物),一个用one,另一个用the other.
3.一定范围内三者,一个用one,另一个用one (another),第三个可用the other,a third.
4.一定范围内,除去一部分人/物,剩余的全部用the others.
5.泛指别的人或物时,用others当在一定范围内,除去一部分后,剩余部分但不是全部时,也用others.
三.anyone/any one;no one/none的用法
1.anyone和any one
anyone仅指人,any one既可指人,也可指物。
2.no one和none
none后跟of短语,既可指人又可指物,而no one只单独使用,只指人。none作主语,谓语动词用单,复数均可,而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。
None of you could lift it.你们中没有人可举起它。
从句
1.宾语从句
在复合句中,由一个句子充当宾语,这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句主要有三种类型,分别是that引导的宾语从句、if或whether引导的宾从、连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句。 常见的宾语从句引导词:that、if、whether、what、who、where、why和how。
Eg. I am sad that you refused me. 我很难过你拒绝了我。
2.定语从句
定语从句在中考和高考中出现的频率都非常高。在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose),as 等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。
Eg. Lily likes music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
3.状语从句
状语从句就是由一个句子在复合句中充当状语。所以状语从句又可以分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句等等。每种状语从句都有特定的引导词:
(1)地点状语从句:where,wherever
(2)时间状语从句:when, while, as, before, until, till, since
(3)原因状语从句:because, since,as, now that, not that…, but that…, seeing that,
considering that, in that
(4)目的状语从句:so, so that, in order that, that, to the end that, in case,for fear that,lest
(5)结果状语从句:so...that, such that, so that, with the result that
(6)条件状语从句:if,unless,if only,only if,in case,suppose/supposing
(that),provided/providing(that),on condition that,so/as long as
(7)方式状语从句:as, as if, as though
(8)让步状语从句:though, although, as, even if, even though, whether, no matter
whether...or, no matter with
现在进行时
1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
3.基本结构:am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
4过去进行时
1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构:was/were+doing
4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
5现在完成时
1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:recently, lately, since...for...,in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构:have/has + done
4.否定形式:have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑问句:have或has。
6.例句:I've written an article.
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.