组成句子的各个部分即句子成分。句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语等，

1.主语，主语是句子所论的主题 Mother likes cooking. Who came here yesterday? The young should respect the old To make a new law is necessary When we will have a party isn't known

2.谓语，论述主语的行为动作或所处的状态，一般由动词担当，位于主语的后面，体现句子的时态、语态、语气等。谓语动词有人称和数的变化。 （1）简单谓语：凡是由一个动词或动词短语构成的谓语都是简单谓语。 He plays tennis every day The plane takes off at 8:00 （2）复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形连系动词加表语构成的谓语叫作复合谓语。 I can speak English I don' t know her address.

3.表语，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。 Linda turned doctor like her mother after school. The digital camera is mine. I felt tired after the sports meeting. The machine is out of order.

4.宾语，表示动作、行为的对象；可用在及物动词和介词之后。直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果，一般指物。间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，一般指人。 We support your p Jan. He invited me to the club The man pretended to read newspapers. I Io ok forward to meeting you again. I realized that I misunderstood her. He gave me a book yesterday. Can you pass the glass to him

5.定语，定语是用来描述名词或代词的修饰语。 Your bag is on the sofa. I like hard-working students. Do you have something to drink? The boy in blue is Tom.

6.状语，状语是修佈动词、形容词或其他副词的。 Shall we go camping this weekend? I went there to see my uncle. He walked up and down.

7.补足语，补足主语意义的句子成分是主语补足语，补足宾语意义的句子成分是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语构成复合宾语，它们逻辑上有主谓关系。 Make your enemy your friend We should keep our classroom clean and tidy. When she woke up, she found herself in a strange place. The singer was seen to enter a café.

8.同位语，对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。 My foreign friend, Mary invited me to visit her hometown. They three joined the chess club We each have a cell phone now The news that he died made us very sad

句子类型

句型一：主语＋系动语＋表语 该句型的谓语动词是系动词（如be或其他系动词）。所谓系动词，又叫连系动词（linking verb），顾名思义，这种动词并不表示具体的动作，而只是起连接主语和后面成分的作用。 I am a teacher. Chatting on the Internet is interesting. The music sounds nice. He became a teacher. The leaf will turn yellow in autumn. 其他的系动词还有：英文中最常见的系动词是 be 动词，其具体的形式有：am（I am），is（he is. she is， it is），are（ you are， we are） 感官动词：look（看起来）sound（听起来）smell（闻起来）taste（尝起来）feel（感觉） 变化保持类：appear（似乎是）become（变为）seem（似乎是）turn（转变为）

句型二:主语+谓语 该句型的谓语动词是不及物动词（intransitive verb）所表示的动作没有用对象，其本身的意思完整，其后不需带宾语。 He died。 These children are playing Internet dating hurts. The fire is burning. The sun sets in the west. He died at home. He died in 2017

句型三：主语＋谓语＋宾语 该句型的谓语动词是及物动词（transitive verb） These children are playing football I love English. I like chatting on the Internet

句型四：主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 该句型的谓语动词是双宾动词（dative verb）、这种动词的后面所接成分有“人”又有“物”。一般来讲，这里的“人”表示动作的接受者、称作间接宾语（indirect object），“物”表示动作作用的对象，是动作的承受者，称作直接宾语（indirct object）、间接宾语和直接宾语合起来叫做双宾语。 He lent me ten dollar. Chatting online will bring you a lot of fun. I will buy you a meal. I gave him my book. He showed the guard his passport. We elected John chairman.

句型五：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补 有些及物动词只带宾语句子意义还不完整，它要求带一个补足语来进一步说明宾语的情况，从而使句子意思完整明确。